How Does a New Ford Truck Read My Trailer Tires Air Pressure?

Герундий Значения every bit и by Суффикс -ize (-ise) Префикс over-Text 8A. A New Era for Shipping Text 8B. The Return of the Dirigibles Text 8C. Off the Ground: How practise We Find Where We are Going?

Text 8D. New York

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение one.Найдите в предложениях герундий по его признакам, пе­реведите.

1. On detecting danger on the road the computer signals the driver. 2. Detecting an object in front of a motorcar in the dark is the pur­pose of the «night vision system». 3. One of the primary bug of a driver on the road is keeping the speed constant and watching the cars ahead. 4. A new device for monitoring and adjusting air pres­sure in tires has recently been developed. 5. Earlier starting a automobile one must examine it advisedly. 6. Computers are widely used for decision-making all kinds of processes. 7. Alexander Bell's being a instructor of deafened people influenced his involvement in audio and its transmission. 8. Samuel Morse's hobby was experimenting with electricity. ix. Driving a truck in the urban center is difficult.

Упражнение 2.Определите формы и функции герундия.

one. One of the all-time ways of keeping the speed steady is using a estimator for this purpose. 2. Newton's having fabricated a mistake in his calculations has no influence on his theory. three. On beingness turned

on the radar will warn the driver of stationary or tiresome-moving ob­jects on the route. four. Upon being heated the molecules begin mov­ing very quickly. 5. The white line in the centre of the road is one of the most effective means of controlling traffic. 6. On graduating from the University S.P. Korolev began working in the field of rocket design. vii. The role of a motorcar figurer is detecting and summing upward the information well-nigh the road conditions. 8. Moni­toring and adjusting air pressure in tires is one of the new develop­ments of the machine designers. ix. Information technology is hard to solve some of the present-solar day scientific and technological problems without using supercomputers. ten. On seeing a red light on a console and on hear­ing a warning audio the driver should decrease the speed. eleven. By picking up infrared rays emitted past objects ahead of the auto an im­age-processing system produces different images of objects. 12. On studying for half an hour before an examination one should switch over to some other activeness.

Упражнение 3.Переведите предложения и запомните значения выделен­ных слов.

A. ane. When the starting time cocky-propelled vehicles appeared, measures
were taken to limit their speed in many countries. ii. His having
measuredthe distance will enable him to calculate the intensity of
lite. three. The universal organization of measuresand weights was worked
out by the French Academy of Science in 1791. four. The altitude
from the North Pole to the Equator was measured,one-fourth was
taken and divided into x 1000000 equal parts. I of these parts
was called a «measure»or «a meter».

B. 1. 1 of the earliest ideas to propel a vehicle usingmechan­
ical power was suggested by Isaac Newton. 2. Having useda steam-
driven engine a French engineer built a three-wheeled vehicle for
two passengers. 3. At the end of the 19th century the useof cars was
however very limited. 4. Constant efforts are made to usestandard com­
ponents for the cars. 5. The useof multi-cylinder engines greatly
increased the speed of cars. 6. N. Otto having usedthe gasoline en­
gine, motor cars got the standard shape and appearance.

C. 1. Many timesAlexander Bell wanted to stop his experi­
ments being unable to become any results. 2. Since ancient timespeople
dreamt of flying. iii. 4 timesfive is equal to xx. 4. In that location is
much more than lithium on the earth than zinc, 130 timesmore
cadmium. 5. The magnesium-lithium alloy is 1.5 timeslighter than
aluminium and iv.5 timeslighter than iron.

Упражнение iv.Переведите предложения и запомните различные значе­ния as.

ane. People no longer retrieve of the radio and television as some­thing fantastic. 2. It was necessary to lay cables across the Atlantic Ocean every bit there was no radio or satellites at that time. 3. Rocket launching, concerts, football and tennis matches tin be seen on Boob tube as they occur. four. As the operation of integrated circuits depends on microscopic components, the purity of all materials at the plant must be very high. 5. One can run into that in that location is no principal differ­ence between iron and copper as conductors. half-dozen. President T. Jeffer­son offered his personal library as the basis for the national library. 7. It is difficult for the starting time-yr students to study at the found as they do not know yet how to organize their piece of work and time. 8. No organisation of the past was as simple every bit the metric system. 9. Such metals as fe, cobalt, and nickel are much more than magnetic than whatsoever other known substances. ten. Cryogenic fuels such as liquid hydrogen are used to cool the aircraft surface. 11. Metallurgists are trying to make composite materials equally strong and light every bit possible. 12. Measures must be taken to keep Moscow air as make clean as possible. 13. Engi­neers are working at the problem of making computers every bit pocket-sized equally possible.

Упражнение five.Переведите предложения, учитывая различные значения предлога by.

1. It should be said that according to estimates the production of materials in space is to bring threescore billion dollars by 2030. 2. The best way to study before the test is by changing one'southward activity ev­ery xxx minutes. 3. The first self-propelled vehicle in Russia was made by Kulibin in the xviii-th century. iv. Driving a new Japanese car a driver will find his way fifty-fifty in Sahara by switching over to a navigation Earth satellite. 5. Past 1960 the number of cars in the globe has reached 60 million. 6. A commuter may avoid collisions on the road past using a radar system. 7. Newton'southward not bad piece of work «Principia» was published by Halley, the famous astronomer, who paid his own money for information technology. 8. The cosmonauts were told to increase their daily exercises by 30 minutes.

Упражнение б. А.Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.

a new grade of supersonic transport, prospective model, elon­gated fuselage, without horizontal stabilizer, comprehend the altitude, less than two hours, overall length, overall shipping weight, at loftier velocities, lower atmosphere, the skin is heated, the simply style out,

one of the ways, combined engines, combined with, every bit economic equally possible.

единственный выход, комбинированные двигатели, менее двух часов, без горизонтального стабилизатора, нижние слои атмосферы, один из путей, удлиненный фюзеляж, общий вес самолета, обшивка нагревается, на больших скоростях, общая длина, как можно более экономично, перспективная модель, новый вид сверхзвукового транспорта, в сочетании с, покры­вать расстояние.

В. Переведите словосочетания.

today'south aircraft, ordinary shipping, ordinary aircraft windows, passenger liner, future superliners of such a class, reliable hyper­sonic airplane, expect similar a rocket, five times above the speed of sound, diameter of the fuselage, the front end of the cabin, the peel is heated to a very high temperature, highly economical engines, new genera­tion model.

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Упражнение7. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно об­разцу:

прилагательное или существительное + ize/ise = глагол special — специальный -» specialize — специализировать(ся) reckoner, platonic, crystal, primal;

префикс over- (сверх-; пере-) to heat — нагревать -» to overheat — перегревать product, active, grow, judge.

Упражнение 8.Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.

aviation, aeroplane, projection, rider, liner, model ['modi], fu­selage ['fju:zila:three], horizontal stabilizer ['steibilaiza], rocket, dis­tance, meter ['mi:ta], bore [dai'aemita], cabin, technological, problem, thermodynamics ['9a:maudai'naemiks], aerodynamics ['saraudai'naemiks], per cent, efficiency [I'fifansi], extreme [iks'tri:m], temperature ['tempntfa], cryogenic ['kraiacfeenik].

Упражнение nine.Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.

supersonic ['sju:pa'sonik], hypersonic ['haipa'sonik], Paris ['paeris], Tokyo ['taukjau], plane [plein], hours ['auaz], reliable [ri'laiabl], combined [kam'baind], engine ['encfein], estrus-insulat-

ing [hi:t 'insjuleitiqj, extreme [iks'tri.m], generate ['djendreit], generation, in full general, require [n'kwaid], fuel [fjudl], liquid ['likwid], hydrogen ['haidndjen], surface ['sd:fis], vaporize ['veiperaiz], inject [in'djekt], combustion [kem'bAStjen], chamber ['tfeimbd], percentage [pe'senticfe].

СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ

stressп — напряжение apart from— помимо, кроме fashion out— выход

corporeality п — количество announcev — объявлять, заяв­лять

combinefive — сочетать(ся), комбинировать(ся), объеди­няться)

combined with— в сочетании с combustion п — горение complicated p.p. — сложный conventional а стандартный currently adv -время

disadvantage п — недостаток measure п — мера noise п — шум overall а — полный, общий overcomev — преодолевать resistance п — сопротивление

efficiency п — производитель­ность, КПД, эффективность eastward.thou. (for instance) — например expectv — ожидать, предпо­лагать

extreme а — крайний, чрезвы­чайный

friction п — трение fuel п — топливо heat5 — нагревать(ся) injectv — впрыскивать, вво­дить

mainly adv — главным образом structure п — конструкция, структура

substitutev — заменять, под­ставлять

vaporizev — испарять(ся) velocity п — скорость

Text 8А

Прочитайте текст по абзацам и озаглавьте их. Назовите основные проб­лемы, рассмотренные в каждом абзаце. Скажите, какие абзацы можно объ­единить под одним заглавием. Переведите текст.

A New Era for Aircraft

Aviation experts look that today's aircraft volition brainstorm to be re­placed with some new form of supersonic transport in a few years' time. A 21st century hypersonic shipping may open a new historic period of air­craft design.

The designers of this state displayed the project of such a su­personic passenger liner amongst the prospective models at one of the latest Aerospace Salon held on the old Le Bourget airfield¹ in Paris. An elongated fuselage with a abrupt nose and without a hori­zontal stabilizer makes it look more like a rocket. The speed matches the looks². This plane will fly at a speed 5 to 6 times above the speed of sound, eastward.g., information technology will cover the distance between Tokyo and Moscow in less than ii hours. The diameter of the fu­selage volition be iv meters and the overall length 100 meters, with the motel accomodating 300 passengers. The future superplanes of such a grade volition have no windows, only the passengers tin can enjoy³ watch­ing the panorama of the World on the TV monitor at the front of the cabin. They will fly so fast that ordinary aircraft windows would make the construction too weak to withstand the stresses at such a speed. At loftier velocities the air resistance in the lower atmosphere is so great that the peel is heated to very loftier temperature. The just way out is to fly college. Therefore, airliners' routes will mainly lie in the stratosphere.

In general, to build a reliable hypersonic plane one has to over­come up a whole gear up of technological and scientific difficulties. Autonomously from creating highly economical combined engines and heat-insulating materials^iv, designers have to make such an amount of thermodynamic computations that can't be performed without using supercomputers. One of the ways to brand planes as economi­cal as possible is lightening the aircraft past substituting new com­posite materials for conventional metal alloys. Accounting for^five less than 5 per cent of the overall aircraft weight at present, the percentage of composite material parts will exceed 25 per cent in new generation models. An extensive use of new materials combined with better aerodynamics and engines will allow increasing fuel efficiency by one-third^{half dozen}.

Because of the extreme temperatures generated past the atmo­sphere friction, a hypersonic craft will as well require complicated cooling measures. One possibility is using cryogenic fuels, such as liquid hydrogen, as both coolants^seven and propellants. The fuel flow­ing through the aircraft's skin would absurd the surfaces as it vapor­izes before existence injected into combustion chamber.

In addition, specialists in many countries are currently working on new propeller engines considered much more than economical and less noisy than jets. The only disadvantage is that propeller planes fly slower than jet planes. However, it has recently been announced that specialists succeeded in⁸ solving this problem. As a result a ventilator engine with a propeller often fibre-glass blades has been congenital, each being five meters long. Information technology will be mounted in the experi­mental rider airplane.

Notes to the Text

ane. Le Bourget airfield — аэропорт Ле Бурже

2. the looks — внешний вид

3. can enjoy — с удовольствием (здесь)

4. rut-insulating materials — теплоизолирующие материалы

5. bookkeeping for — составляя

6. by 1-third — на одну треть

7. coolant — охлаждающая жидкость

8. succeeded in — удалось

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упражнение 10.Просмотрите текст 8А и ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is this text about? 2. What aircraft was displayed in Paris? 3. What are the characteristics of the new liner? four. What are the difficulties in building a hypersonic plane?

Упражнение eleven.Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют содержанию текста 8А. Исправьте неправильные утверждения.

1. Today'due south aircraft will exist replaced with a new grade of super­sonic transport in a few years' fourth dimension. two. The new hypersonic aircraft that looks like a rocket will cover the altitude between Tokyo and Moscow in less than two hours. 3. The future superliner of this class will accept large windows that will allow passengers to watch the panorama of the Earth. 4. Airliner's routes will mainly prevarication in the stratosphere because the air resistance in the lower atmosphere is too great. 5. Designers can easily make all the necessary thermody-namic calculations to build a reliable hypersonic plane. six. It is pos­sible to lighten the shipping by substituting conventional metallic alloys for new blended materials. 7. Cryogenic fuels are used as both coolants and propellants. 8. The slap-up reward of propeller planes is that they fly faster than jet planes.

Упражнение 12.Найдите в тексте 8А герундий (см. three, 4 и five-й абзацы).

Упражнение thirteen.Найдите герундий в функции обстоятельства, переведи­те предложения.

ane. Flying from Los Angeles to Tokyo on board a new supersonic craft will accept two hours. 2. On examining the motorcar before starting on a long journey a driver can be certain that he will get to his destination without accidents. iii. By summing upwards the information about the speed and distance of various objects on the road, the figurer de-

tects all possible dangers. 4. A superliner of a new kind will be capa­ble of flying at 5 times to a higher place the speed of the sound. five. The just way of overcoming the great air resistance at high velocities is fly­ing college. half dozen. At low speeds the engine can use turbines for com­pressing the air earlier mixing it with fuel in the combustion bedroom. 7. In the future, in switching over to the new Globe satel­calorie-free a driver can be sure of coming safely to his destination. 8. Cryo­genic fuels will vaporize before beingness injected into combustion chamber. 9. In flowing over the shipping's surface the fuel cools its peel. 10. On reaching its cruising speed the supersonic liner will wing at 100,000 anxiety above the Earth. 11. By using supercomputers information technology is possible to avoid making mistakes in extremely complicated ther-modynamic computations. 12. A new carburetor offers easier start­ing in cold weather. 13. By using the automatic guidance system a driver will exist able to brand long journeys without concentrating on the road conditions. 14. It is impossible to solve economic prob­lems without using the achievements of the scientific and techno­logical progress.

Упражнение 14.Найдите герундий в парах предложений, переведите их.

i. Overcoming these difficulties is not and so piece of cake every bit it may seem. Overcoming these difficulties the designers can increment the fuel ef­ficiency. two. Setting a problem the scientist makes the commencement footstep to its solution. Setting a trouble is the first step to its solution. 3. Comprehend­ing the altitude between Tokyo and Moscow in less than two hours this superliner develops a speed five times above the speed of sound. Covering the distance betwixt Tokyo and Moscow on lath a superliner requires about two hours. 4. Putting the discov­ery into exercise the engineers volition solve a complicated technologi­cal task. Putting the discovery into do sometimes requires more effort than making it.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ

Упражнение 15.Образуйте прилагательные от глаголов или существи­тельных по образцу:

movement — двинуть, двигаться -» movable — подвижный

comfort, alter, compare, command, programme, measure.

Упражнение 16.Определите, к какой части речи относятся слова.

reliable, elongate, percentage, stabilizer, stabilize, prospective, carrier, bright, relativity, intelligent, intelligence, help, fu-

selage, mainly, encircle, difference, statement, hypersonic, liner, horizontal, powerful.

Упражнение 17.Найдите русскому слову соответствующее английское.

конструктор — design, designer, to design стабилизировать — stabilizer, stability, stabilize самый последний — latest, tardily, afterward эффективный — efficient, efficiency, efficiently характеристика, работа — perform, performing, performance надежно — reliable, reliability, reliably немыслимый — thinking, thinkable, unthinkable невесомость — weightlessness, weightless, weight

Упражнение eighteen.Определите, синонимами или антонимами являются приведенные пары слов.

advantage — disadvantage; to remain — to stay; reliable — un­reliable; fast — slow; apart from — besides, in addition; capable — incapable; to brainstorm — to start; liquid — solid; to absurd — to heat; possible — impossible; weak — strong; to build — to interruption; aircraft — aeroplane; engine — motor.

Упражнение 19.Переведите выделенные слова и словосочетания, запом­ните их.

1. At higher schools specialization generally begins in the 3rd twelvemonth. 2. Nowadays nosotros generally have computers at every institute. three. This doesn't amend the speed of transport vehicles in general and that of an auto in particular. 4. The general principles of the design of new send machines in general and diesel fuel locomotives in particular can be found in the new mag. v. The 5th-generation computers performing 100 billion opera­tions a second will become available in the about future. 6. Because of the extreme temperatures generated by atmospheric friction a craft will require protection. seven.The generation of electrical power in­creases every yr.

Упражнение 20.Определите, какой частью речи является в предложении выделенное слово. Переведите.

ane. Television has a great number of uses nowadays. two. This machine uses a new sensor mechanism. iii. A. Bong wanted to build a mecha­nism that people could employ to talk to ane another over long dis­tances. 4. The new material tin be practical in manufacturing components much smaller than those in apply today. five. The Library of Congress serves not only Members of the Congress, but re-

searchers and scientists who useit. 6. In Russian universities there is no accuse for the employ of reading rooms, laboratories and libraries. seven. Measuresto keep Moscow's air clean are important components of our ecological programme. 8. A thermometer is a device that measurestemperature. 9. Computers can do many things, they can controlmachines in factories, cars on roads, play chess and so on. 10. Computers commandwell-nigh everything nosotros do in the modernistic earth. 11. Today dirigibles are equipped with electronic controls.

Упражнение 21.Выберите правильный глагол из приведенных в скобках.

ane. The auto has ... (brought, brought most) mobility to millions of people, simply at the same fourth dimension polluted the temper. 2. The scientific and technological achievements ... (brought, brought nearly) great changes in people's life and work. 3. A lot of people came to ... (look at, look for) a new invention, the television set, at the World Off-white in New York. 4. Information technology was necessary ... (to look at, to wait for) a more reliable method of calculation. 5. The airplane «Ruslan» can ... (carry, carry out) up to 150 tons. vi. Inquiry is be­ing ... (carried, carried out) for developing new composite materi­als to lighten aircraft construction.

Упражнение 22.Заполните пропуски предлогами past, with, for, at, in.

The steam was invented ... James Watt, who worked ... many years before he could brand the instruments ... which he perfected his machine. ... first he worked ... primitive tools then he could not make his engine well-regulated. The old machine was kept going ... a boy who stood past it and permit... the air ... means of which the steam was condensed at every revolution. ... this car, though it was imperfect, some piece of work was done and it had been used ... a large mine-owner (шахтовладелец) to pump out the water. The start ef­ficient steam-engine was made ... a Birmingham business firm and it was soon used...nearly every manufacturer. The revolution in manufacture made ... this machine was extremely swell.

Упражнение 23.Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их. held, flown, overcome, withstanding, lain, catamenia, burnt.

Упражнение 24.Прочитайте и переведите без словаря.

«Fifty-fifty the birds aren't flying today» is an old proverb used to in­dicate that the atmospheric condition for flying is extremely bad. And for man zip has a greater result on flying than the atmospheric condition. And be­cause of its changing so quickly and without warning an extensive

network of weather stations has been set for helping the pilots go all the data about weather. Before flying pilots may get current weather information on changing conditions forth their route or at their destination. The weather reporting organization helps overcoming many difficulties in flying. In winter, e.k., icing tin can crusade the reduction of lift efficiency of airplane by changing the period of air. Pilot's existence informed about the conditions allows him to avoid weather problems. The atmospheric condition being too bad, pilots just stay on the ground like any wise (опытный) bird.

Conversation

Exercise ane.Respond the questions.

1. What kind of shipping may begin a new age in aviation? (a hy­personic rider liner) ii. What is the shape of the new liner? (an elongated fuselage with a abrupt nose) 3. What distance can the new liner cover in less than two hours? (the altitude between Tokyo and Moscow) 4. What are the chief problems of edifice a reliable hy­personic liner? (developing an economical engine and new estrus in­sulating materials combined with better aerodynamics) 5. What is one of the ways to make a hypersonic liner as economical as possi­ble? (using new blended materials) six. What volition be used for absurd­ing a hypersonic craft? (cryogenic fuels) vii. What combined engine was adult? (a ventilator propeller engine)

Practice 2.Make a sentence out of the 2 parts.

1. It is expected that a new hy­personic aircraft

2. The project of such an shipping was displayed at

3. At that place is no horizontal stabilizer

4. Therefore information technology looks more

5. The superliner volition mainly fly in the stratosphere at

vi. The diameter of the fuselage

7. The passenger superliners of such a form will take no windows

1. will exist 4 meters, overall length 100 meters and its motel will carry 300 passengers.

2. a speed five to six times above the speed of sound.

3. similar a rocket.

4. since conventional shipping
windows are too weak to with­
stand high stresses at supersonic
speed.

5. the Aerospace Salon in Paris.

6. will replace todays' aircrafts soon.

7. in the design of a new super-liner.

Exersicethree. Read and larn.

Difference

Ann: Well, expert-bye, then! I hope you will have a pleasant journey.

Bob: I promise then too. The conditions isn't also bad, anyway.

A.: No, it looks good. Merely write me a few lines when you arrive,

will y'all?

I volition, indeed. And many thanks for your hospitality.

It was overnice having you lot with the states. When will you come again?

It is difficult to say. It depends on a number of things.

Give my love to your female parent.

I will. Thanks. Cheerio.

Bob: I think, the people of today are the most intelligent (умный)

people who have always lived. Mary: Before answering this question I want you to heed to the fol­lowing words: «Flying machines are possible. A man may sit in

the eye of the machine and turn some device. This device

makes the bogus wings shell the air in the manner of a flying

bird.» В.: Why have you said this? At that place is cypher new or interesting. M.: But they were written 6 hundred years ago. В.: Oh, actually, who made this argument? G.: Roger Bacon, an English scientist. Of course, his sentences

have been made easier, but these were his words and thoughts.

Have you heard nigh him? В.: Certainly, I have heard about him. Just I have thought he was

a monk (монах) and was in prison for many years. Thousand.: Y'all are quite correct. Besides, he made a deep study of physics.

And this was the reason (причина) for his being in prison. He

made men think about new things. В.: Oh, Mary, Fve always said you are the most clever (умный)

girl I've e'er met. Exercise y'all agree with me, Peter? Peter: Oh, sure. And I remember Bakon's argument most cars that

can go very rapidly by their own power and slap-up ships on

rivers and oceans guided by one man.

Exercise 4.Speak about:

i. The characteristics of a new hypersonic passenger liner.

2. The main difficulties of its construction.

Employ exercises 1, 2 and the following words and word combinations for your topic: The text gives the data on... It is interesting to note that... Speaking

virtually... Further description of... is given. Information technology is pointed out that... As far as I know...

In determination I'd like to say that...

aviation designers, to display, to cover the altitude, overall, to heat to a very high temperature, new generation aircraft, to overcome difficulties in, a dandy amount of, without using, extensive use of new materials, exceed, to solve a prob­lem.

Exercise 5. Comment on the following argument.

Air transport has many advantages and many disadvantages.

One point of view : It is fast, comfortable, safe, it is particularly practiced and effi­cient for long distances, it is contained of roads, it is good for the wellness because it is not tiring (утомительно), it is the nigh modern means of transport and it is the best manner of travelling.

A contrary point of view : Information technology is not prophylactic, it is not reliable, it depends on the weather, information technology is not e'er good for the wellness, it always takes a long time to get from and to the airport, it is expensive, it is e'er continued with nervous strain (напряжение, стресс)

Exercise 6.Read and smile.

A teacher was explaining fractions to the course of girls and boys. After having written several examples on the blackboard, he asked a boy whether he would prefer (предпочитать) one-fifth or one-eighth of a lemon.

«Fd prefer i-8th, sir.»

So the teacher began explaining once again that though the frac­tion 1-8th looked larger than the fraction one-fifth, it was re­ally the smaller of the two.

«I know that, sir. I don't like lemons.»

Einstein for a Day

Albert Einstein, one of the globe'south almost vivid and respected scientists, is best known for formulating the theory of relativity which played a critical role in the evolution of diminutive energy. What may not be widely known is that Einstein had a fine sense of sense of humour.

There is an amusing story about Einstein's visiting universities in a car driven by a chauffeur, giving lectures on relativity. One twenty-four hours the chauffeur said: «Mr. Einstein, I've heard you lot give this lecture about 30 times. I know it by heart, and I am sure I could give it my­self.» «Well, I'll give y'all a chance», said Einstein. «They won't re­cognise me at the school. When we go at that place, I'll put on your cap and you innovate yourself every bit me and give the lecture.»

The chauffeur gave Einstein's lecture without making a single error. On finishing, he started to get out, but one of the professors stopped him to ask a complex question. The chauffeur thought fast.

«That trouble is so petty», he said, «I'yard surprised that y'all have to ask me. In fact, to show y'all how simple it is, I'm going to ask my chauffeur to come up up here and answer your question.»

Text 8B

Прочитайте текст. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

Герундий Значения equally и by Суффикс -ize (-ise) Префикс over-Text 8A. A New Era for Aircraft Text 8B. The Return of the Dirigibles Text 8C. Off the Ground: How do We Notice Where We are Going?

Text 8D. New York

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение ane.Найдите в предложениях герундий по его признакам, пе­реведите.

1. On detecting danger on the route the computer signals the driver. ii. Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the pur­pose of the «night vision arrangement». 3. Ane of the main issues of a driver on the route is keeping the speed constant and watching the cars alee. four. A new device for monitoring and adjusting air pres­sure in tires has recently been developed. five. Before starting a car one must examine information technology advisedly. half dozen. Computers are widely used for decision-making all kinds of processes. 7. Alexander Bong's existence a instructor of deaf people influenced his interest in sound and its transmission. eight. Samuel Morse's hobby was experimenting with electricity. nine. Driving a truck in the metropolis is hard.

Упражнение 2.Определите формы и функции герундия.

one. Ane of the best ways of keeping the speed steady is using a computer for this purpose. 2. Newton'due south having made a fault in his calculations has no influence on his theory. 3. On being turned

on the radar will warn the commuter of stationary or ho-hum-moving ob­jects on the road. four. Upon being heated the molecules begin mov­ing very rapidly. 5. The white line in the centre of the road is one of the most effective means of controlling traffic. six. On graduating from the University South.P. Korolev began working in the field of rocket design. 7. The function of a car computer is detecting and summing upward the information about the route conditions. viii. Moni­toring and adjusting air pressure in tires is one of the new develop­ments of the car designers. 9. It is difficult to solve some of the present-day scientific and technological bug without using supercomputers. ten. On seeing a scarlet light on a panel and on hear­ing a warning sound the driver should decrease the speed. 11. By picking upwardly infrared rays emitted past objects ahead of the car an im­age-processing organisation produces different images of objects. 12. On studying for half an hour earlier an test one should switch over to another activity.

Упражнение 3.Переведите предложения и запомните значения выделен­ных слов.

A. 1. When the outset cocky-propelled vehicles appeared, measures
were taken to limit their speed in many countries. 2. His having
measuredthe distance will enable him to calculate the intensity of
lite. 3. The universal system of measuresand weights was worked
out by the French Academy of Science in 1791. 4. The distance
from the North Pole to the Equator was measured,one-fourth was
taken and divided into 10 one thousand thousand equal parts. One of these parts
was called a «measure»or «a meter».

B. 1. One of the earliest ideas to propel a vehicle usingmechan­
ical power was suggested by Isaac Newton. 2. Having useda steam-
driven engine a French engineer built a three-wheeled vehicle for
two passengers. 3. At the end of the 19th century the useof cars was
still very limited. iv. Constant efforts are made to usestandard com­
ponents for the cars. five. The useof multi-cylinder engines greatly
increased the speed of cars. 6. Northward. Otto having usedthe gasoline en­
gine, motor cars got the standard shape and appearance.

C. 1. Many timesAlexander Bell wanted to terminate his experi­
ments beingness unable to go any results. 2. Since ancient timespeople
dreamt of flight. three. Four times5 is equal to 20. four. There is
much more than lithium on the world than zinc, 130 timesmore than
cadmium. 5. The magnesium-lithium blend is 1.5 timeslighter than
aluminium and iv.5 timeslighter than iron.

Упражнение 4.Переведите предложения и запомните различные значе­ния every bit.

1. People no longer think of the radio and television every bit some­matter fantastic. 2. It was necessary to lay cables across the Atlantic Ocean as there was no radio or satellites at that fourth dimension. 3. Rocket launching, concerts, football game and tennis matches can be seen on Idiot box equally they occur. 4. As the operation of integrated circuits depends on microscopic components, the purity of all materials at the plant must be very high. 5. Ane can come across that at that place is no principal differ­ence between iron and copper every bit conductors. half-dozen. President T. Jeffer­son offered his personal library as the ground for the national library. 7. It is hard for the first-yr students to study at the institute as they do not know yet how to organize their work and fourth dimension. 8. No arrangement of the past was as simple as the metric system. ix. Such metals every bit atomic number 26, cobalt, and nickel are much more magnetic than any other known substances. 10. Cryogenic fuels such as liquid hydrogen are used to cool the aircraft surface. 11. Metallurgists are trying to make blended materials every bit strong and low-cal equally possible. 12. Measures must be taken to keep Moscow air equally clean equally possible. thirteen. Engi­neers are working at the problem of making computers every bit pocket-sized equally possible.

Упражнение 5.Переведите предложения, учитывая различные значения предлога by.

one. It should be said that according to estimates the production of materials in space is to bring 60 billion dollars past 2030. 2. The best manner to study before the exam is by changing i's action ev­ery 30 minutes. three. The showtime self-propelled vehicle in Russian federation was made by Kulibin in the eighteen-th century. 4. Driving a new Japanese car a driver volition find his way even in Sahara by switching over to a navigation Earth satellite. 5. By 1960 the number of cars in the earth has reached 60 million. half dozen. A driver may avert collisions on the route by using a radar organisation. seven. Newton'south slap-up piece of work «Principia» was published by Halley, the famous astronomer, who paid his own money for it. 8. The cosmonauts were told to increase their daily exercises past 30 minutes.

Упражнение б. А.Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.

a new form of supersonic transport, prospective model, elon­gated fuselage, without horizontal stabilizer, cover the distance, less than two hours, overall length, overall aircraft weight, at high velocities, lower atmosphere, the pare is heated, the only mode out,

ane of the ways, combined engines, combined with, as economical equally possible.

единственный выход, комбинированные двигатели, менее двух часов, без горизонтального стабилизатора, нижние слои атмосферы, один из путей, удлиненный фюзеляж, общий вес самолета, обшивка нагревается, на больших скоростях, общая длина, как можно более экономично, перспективная модель, новый вид сверхзвукового транспорта, в сочетании с, покры­вать расстояние.

В. Переведите словосочетания.

today'south aircraft, ordinary aircraft, ordinary aircraft windows, rider liner, future superliners of such a class, reliable hyper­sonic plane, expect like a rocket, 5 times above the speed of audio, bore of the fuselage, the front of the cabin, the skin is heated to a very high temperature, highly economical engines, new genera­tion model.

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Упражнение7. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно об­разцу:

прилагательное или существительное + ize/ise = глагол special — специальный -» specialize — специализировать(ся) computer, ideal, crystal, central;

префикс over- (сверх-; пере-) to rut — нагревать -» to overheat — перегревать production, active, grow, estimate.

Упражнение 8.Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.

aviation, airplane, projection, rider, liner, model ['modi], fu­selage ['fju:zila:3], horizontal stabilizer ['steibilaiza], rocket, dis­tance, meter ['mi:ta], diameter [dai'aemita], cabin, technological, trouble, thermodynamics ['9a:maudai'naemiks], aerodynamics ['saraudai'naemiks], per cent, efficiency [I'fifansi], extreme [iks'tri:m], temperature ['tempntfa], cryogenic ['kraiacfeenik].

Упражнение 9.Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.

supersonic ['sju:pa'sonik], hypersonic ['haipa'sonik], Paris ['paeris], Tokyo ['taukjau], airplane [plein], hours ['auaz], reliable [ri'laiabl], combined [kam'baind], engine ['encfein], rut-insulat-

ing [howdy:t 'insjuleitiqj, extreme [iks'tri.g], generate ['djendreit], generation, in general, require [n'kwaid], fuel [fjudl], liquid ['likwid], hydrogen ['haidndjen], surface ['sd:fis], vaporize ['veiperaiz], inject [in'djekt], combustion [kem'bAStjen], chamber ['tfeimbd], percentage [pe'senticfe].

СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ

stressп — напряжение apart from— помимо, кроме way out— выход

corporeality п — количество announcev — объявлять, заяв­лять

combinev — сочетать(ся), комбинировать(ся), объеди­няться)

combined with— в сочетании с combustion п — горение complicated p.p. — сложный conventional а стандартный currently adv -время

disadvantage п — недостаток measure п — мера noise п — шум overall а — полный, общий overcomev — преодолевать resistance п — сопротивление

efficiency п — производитель­ность, КПД, эффективность east.k. (for example) — например expectv — ожидать, предпо­лагать

extreme а — крайний, чрезвы­чайный

friction п — трение fuel п — топливо heatv — нагревать(ся) injectv — впрыскивать, вво­дить

mainly adv — главным образом construction п — конструкция, структура

substitute5 — заменять, под­ставлять

vaporize5 — испарять(ся) velocity п — скорость

Text 8А

Прочитайте текст по абзацам и озаглавьте их. Назовите основные проб­лемы, рассмотренные в каждом абзаце. Скажите, какие абзацы можно объ­единить под одним заглавием. Переведите текст.

A New Era for Aircraft

Aviation experts wait that today's aircraft will begin to be re­placed with some new grade of supersonic send in a few years' time. A 21st century hypersonic aircraft may open a new age of air­arts and crafts pattern.

The designers of this country displayed the project of such a su­personic rider liner among the prospective models at one of the latest Aerospace Salon held on the old Le Bourget airfield¹ in Paris. An elongated fuselage with a precipitous nose and without a hori­zontal stabilizer makes it await more like a rocket. The speed matches the looks². This plane will fly at a speed v to six times in a higher place the speed of audio, east.g., it will cover the distance between Tokyo and Moscow in less than two hours. The diameter of the fu­selage will exist iv meters and the overall length 100 meters, with the motel accomodating 300 passengers. The future superplanes of such a class volition accept no windows, but the passengers can relish³ watch­ing the panorama of the Earth on the Tv set monitor at the front end of the motel. They will fly so fast that ordinary aircraft windows would make the structure too weak to withstand the stresses at such a speed. At loftier velocities the air resistance in the lower atmosphere is and then great that the peel is heated to very loftier temperature. The only way out is to wing higher. Therefore, airliners' routes will mainly lie in the stratosphere.

In full general, to build a reliable hypersonic plane ane has to over­come up a whole set up of technological and scientific difficulties. Apart from creating highly economic combined engines and heat-insulating materials⁴, designers accept to make such an amount of thermodynamic computations that tin can't be performed without using supercomputers. One of the ways to make planes as economi­cal as possible is lightening the aircraft by substituting new com­posite materials for conventional metal alloys. Accounting for⁵ less than 5 per cent of the overall aircraft weight now, the percentage of blended material parts will exceed 25 per cent in new generation models. An all-encompassing employ of new materials combined with better aerodynamics and engines will let increasing fuel efficiency by ane-3rd⁶.

Considering of the extreme temperatures generated by the atmo­sphere friction, a hypersonic craft will also require complicated cooling measures. One possibility is using cryogenic fuels, such equally liquid hydrogen, as both coolants⁷ and propellants. The fuel period­ing through the aircraft'southward peel would cool the surfaces as it vapor­izes before being injected into combustion chamber.

In addition, specialists in many countries are currently working on new propeller engines considered much more economical and less noisy than jets. The only disadvantage is that propeller planes fly slower than jet planes. However, it has recently been announced that specialists succeeded in^viii solving this problem. As a consequence a ventilator engine with a propeller often fibre-glass blades has been built, each being five meters long. It volition be mounted in the experi­mental passenger plane.

Notes to the Text

1. Le Bourget airfield — аэропорт Ле Бурже

2. the looks — внешний вид

3. can enjoy — с удовольствием (здесь)

4. estrus-insulating materials — теплоизолирующие материалы

five. accounting for — составляя

vi. past 1-third — на одну треть

7. coolant — охлаждающая жидкость

eight. succeeded in — удалось

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упражнение 10.Просмотрите текст 8А и ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is this text about? 2. What aircraft was displayed in Paris? 3. What are the characteristics of the new liner? iv. What are the difficulties in building a hypersonic plane?

Упражнение 11.Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют содержанию текста 8А. Исправьте неправильные утверждения.

i. Today'south aircraft will be replaced with a new form of super­sonic ship in a few years' time. two. The new hypersonic shipping that looks like a rocket will cover the distance between Tokyo and Moscow in less than two hours. 3. The future superliner of this class will have big windows that volition let passengers to watch the panorama of the Globe. four. Airliner'due south routes volition mainly lie in the stratosphere considering the air resistance in the lower atmosphere is as well great. 5. Designers can easily brand all the necessary thermody-namic calculations to build a reliable hypersonic airplane. 6. It is pos­sible to lighten the aircraft by substituting conventional metal alloys for new composite materials. 7. Cryogenic fuels are used as both coolants and propellants. 8. The great advantage of propeller planes is that they wing faster than jet planes.

Упражнение 12.Найдите в тексте 8А герундий (см. iii, iv и 5-й абзацы).

Упражнение thirteen.Найдите герундий в функции обстоятельства, переведи­те предложения.

i. Flying from Los Angeles to Tokyo on board a new supersonic arts and crafts will accept ii hours. 2. On examining the car earlier starting on a long journey a driver can be certain that he will get to his destination without accidents. 3. Past summing up the information well-nigh the speed and altitude of various objects on the road, the calculator de-

tects all possible dangers. 4. A superliner of a new kind will be capa­ble of flying at five times above the speed of the sound. 5. The only way of overcoming the neat air resistance at high velocities is fly­ing college. six. At low speeds the engine can employ turbines for com­pressing the air before mixing information technology with fuel in the combustion sleeping accommodation. vii. In the time to come, in switching over to the new Earth satel­lite a commuter can be certain of coming safely to his destination. 8. Cryo­genic fuels will vaporize before being injected into combustion bedchamber. 9. In flowing over the shipping's surface the fuel cools its skin. 10. On reaching its cruising speed the supersonic liner will fly at 100,000 feet higher up the Earth. 11. By using supercomputers it is possible to avoid making mistakes in extremely complicated ther-modynamic computations. 12. A new carburetor offers easier start­ing in cold weather. xiii. Past using the automated guidance system a commuter volition be able to make long journeys without concentrating on the route atmospheric condition. 14. It is incommunicable to solve economical prob­lems without using the achievements of the scientific and techno­logical progress.

Упражнение 14.Найдите герундий в парах предложений, переведите их.

1. Overcoming these difficulties is non so easy as it may seem. Overcoming these difficulties the designers can increase the fuel ef­ficiency. 2. Setting a problem the scientist makes the first step to its solution. Setting a problem is the start pace to its solution. 3. Encompass­ing the distance between Tokyo and Moscow in less than two hours this superliner develops a speed five times in a higher place the speed of audio. Covering the altitude between Tokyo and Moscow on board a superliner requires near two hours. four. Putting the discov­ery into practice the engineers will solve a complicated technologi­cal task. Putting the discovery into practice sometimes requires more endeavour than making it.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ

Упражнение fifteen.Образуйте прилагательные от глаголов или существи­тельных по образцу:

move — двинуть, двигаться -» movable — подвижный

comfort, change, compare, command, programme, mensurate.

Упражнение sixteen.Определите, к какой части речи относятся слова.

reliable, elongate, percentage, stabilizer, stabilize, prospective, carrier, brilliant, relativity, intelligent, intelligence, assistance, fu-

selage, mainly, encircle, departure, statement, hypersonic, liner, horizontal, powerful.

Упражнение 17.Найдите русскому слову соответствующее английское.

конструктор — design, designer, to design стабилизировать — stabilizer, stability, stabilize самый последний — latest, late, later эффективный — efficient, efficiency, efficiently характеристика, работа — perform, performing, performance надежно — reliable, reliability, reliably немыслимый — thinking, thinkable, unthinkable невесомость — weightlessness, weightless, weight

Упражнение xviii.Определите, синонимами или антонимами являются приведенные пары слов.

reward — disadvantage; to remain — to stay; reliable — un­reliable; fast — slow; apart from — besides, in addition; capable — incapable; to begin — to first; liquid — solid; to absurd — to heat; possible — impossible; weak — potent; to build — to break; aircraft — aeroplane; engine — motor.

Упражнение xix.Переведите выделенные слова и словосочетания, запом­ните их.

1. At college schools specialization generally begins in the third yr. 2. Present we generally have computers at every institute. 3. This doesn't amend the speed of transport vehicles in general and that of an car in particular. 4. The general principles of the design of new transport machines in general and diesel locomotives in particular can be found in the new magazine. 5. The fifth-generation computers performing 100 billion opera­tions a second volition become available in the near hereafter. 6. Because of the extreme temperatures generated past atmospheric friction a arts and crafts will require protection. 7.The generation of electric ability in­creases every year.

Упражнение xx.Определите, какой частью речи является в предложении выделенное слово. Переведите.

i. Idiot box has a bully number of uses nowadays. ii. This machine uses a new sensor mechanism. 3. A. Bong wanted to build a mecha­nism that people could use to talk to ane another over long dis­tances. iv. The new textile tin exist applied in manufacturing components much smaller than those in use today. 5. The Library of Congress serves not only Members of the Congress, just re-

searchers and scientists who utilizeit. vi. In Russian universities there is no accuse for the utilise of reading rooms, laboratories and libraries. seven. Measuresto keep Moscow'southward air make clean are important components of our ecological plan. viii. A thermometer is a device that measurestemperature. nine. Computers can do many things, they can controlmachines in factories, cars on roads, play chess and so on. x. Computers controlnearly everything we exercise in the modern world. 11. Today dirigibles are equipped with electronic controls.

Упражнение 21.Выберите правильный глагол из приведенных в скобках.

1. The automobile has ... (brought, brought about) mobility to millions of people, but at the same fourth dimension polluted the atmosphere. 2. The scientific and technological achievements ... (brought, brought about) cracking changes in people's life and work. 3. A lot of people came to ... (look at, look for) a new invention, the boob tube set up, at the World Fair in New York. 4. Information technology was necessary ... (to look at, to expect for) a more than reliable method of calculation. five. The plane «Ruslan» tin ... (comport, conduct out) upwardly to 150 tons. 6. Enquiry is be­ing ... (carried, carried out) for developing new composite materi­als to lighten aircraft structure.

Упражнение 22.Заполните пропуски предлогами past, with, for, at, in.

The steam was invented ... James Watt, who worked ... many years before he could make the instruments ... which he perfected his car. ... first he worked ... archaic tools so he could not brand his engine well-regulated. The quondam machine was kept going ... a boy who stood by it and permit... the air ... means of which the steam was condensed at every revolution. ... this car, though it was imperfect, some piece of work was done and it had been used ... a large mine-owner (шахтовладелец) to pump out the water. The starting time ef­ficient steam-engine was made ... a Birmingham business firm and it was soon used...nearly every manufacturer. The revolution in industry made ... this machine was extremely great.

Упражнение 23.Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их. held, flown, overcome, withstanding, lain, flow, burnt.

Упражнение 24.Прочитайте и переведите без словаря.

«Even the birds aren't flying today» is an old saying used to in­dicate that the weather for flying is extremely bad. And for man nothing has a greater result on flying than the weather. And be­cause of its irresolute so quickly and without warning an extensive

network of atmospheric condition stations has been fix for helping the pilots go all the information about weather. Before flying pilots may get current weather data on changing atmospheric condition forth their road or at their destination. The atmospheric condition reporting system helps overcoming many difficulties in flying. In winter, e.1000., icing tin cause the reduction of lift efficiency of airplane by changing the catamenia of air. Pilot'southward being informed about the weather allows him to avert conditions problems. The atmospheric condition being as well bad, pilots only stay on the ground like any wise (опытный) bird.

Chat

Exercise ane.Answer the questions.

1. What kind of aircraft may begin a new age in aviation? (a hy­personic passenger liner) 2. What is the shape of the new liner? (an elongated fuselage with a sharp nose) three. What distance tin the new liner comprehend in less than ii hours? (the distance between Tokyo and Moscow) 4. What are the main problems of building a reliable hy­personic liner? (developing an economical engine and new heat in­sulating materials combined with better aerodynamics) v. What is one of the ways to brand a hypersonic liner as economical as possi­ble? (using new composite materials) six. What will be used for absurd­ing a hypersonic arts and crafts? (cryogenic fuels) seven. What combined engine was developed? (a ventilator propeller engine)

Do 2.Brand a sentence out of the two parts.

1. Information technology is expected that a new hy­personic aircraft

2. The projection of such an aircraft was displayed at

3. There is no horizontal stabilizer

iv. Therefore it looks more

five. The superliner volition mainly fly in the stratosphere at

6. The bore of the fuselage

7. The passenger superliners of such a grade volition have no windows

1. will exist four meters, overall length 100 meters and its cabin will carry 300 passengers.

2. a speed five to 6 times to a higher place the speed of sound.

iii. like a rocket.

four. since conventional aircraft
windows are also weak to with­
stand up high stresses at supersonic
speed.

five. the Aerospace Salon in Paris.

half-dozen. will supervene upon todays' aircrafts soon.

7. in the design of a new super-liner.

Exersiceiii. Read and acquire.

Departure

Ann: Well, good-bye, then! I hope you lot will take a pleasant journey.

Bob: I hope so too. The weather condition isn't too bad, anyhow.

A.: No, it looks expert. Just write me a few lines when you make it,

volition you?

I will, indeed. And many cheers for your hospitality.

It was nice having yous with u.s.. When volition you come again?

It is hard to say. It depends on a number of things.

Give my love to your mother.

I volition. Thanks. Bye.

Bob: I call back, the people of today are the virtually intelligent (умный)

people who have ever lived. Mary: Before answering this question I want you to listen to the fol­lowing words: «Flight machines are possible. A man may sit down in

the middle of the car and turn some device. This device

makes the artificial wings beat the air in the manner of a flight

bird.» В.: Why have you lot said this? At that place is cipher new or interesting. M.: But they were written six hundred years agone. В.: Oh, actually, who made this statement? M.: Roger Bacon, an English scientist. Of course, his sentences

have been made easier, but these were his words and thoughts.

Take you heard about him? В.: Certainly, I take heard about him. Merely I accept idea he was

a monk (монах) and was in prison for many years. 1000.: You are quite right. Besides, he made a deep study of physics.

And this was the reason (причина) for his being in prison. He

made men call up near new things. В.: Oh, Mary, Fve always said you are the virtually clever (умный)

girl I've ever met. Exercise you hold with me, Peter? Peter: Oh, sure. And I remember Bakon'southward statement virtually cars that

can go very quickly by their own ability and great ships on

rivers and oceans guided by one human.

Exercise 4.Speak about:

1. The characteristics of a new hypersonic passenger liner.

2. The master difficulties of its construction.

Use exercises 1, ii and the following words and word combinations for your topic: The text gives the information on... It is interesting to note that... Speaking

about... Further description of... is given. It is pointed out that... Equally far as I know...

In decision I'd like to say that...

aviation designers, to display, to cover the distance, overall, to heat to a very loftier temperature, new generation aircraft, to overcome difficulties in, a slap-up amount of, without using, extensive use of new materials, exceed, to solve a prob­lem.

Exercise 5. Annotate on the following argument.

Air ship has many advantages and many disadvantages.

I indicate of view : It is fast, comfy, safe, it is particularly good and effi­cient for long distances, it is independent of roads, it is good for the wellness because it is not tiring (утомительно), information technology is the almost mod ways of ship and it is the all-time mode of travelling.

A contrary point of view : Information technology is non safe, it is non reliable, it depends on the weather, information technology is not always expert for the health, it always takes a long time to get from and to the drome, it is expensive, it is e'er connected with nervous strain (напряжение, стресс)

Exercise half dozen.Read and smiling.

A teacher was explaining fractions to the course of girls and boys. After having written several examples on the blackboard, he asked a boy whether he would prefer (предпочитать) 1-fifth or one-8th of a lemon.

«Fd prefer one-eighth, sir.»

So the instructor began explaining over again that though the frac­tion one-eighth looked larger than the fraction one-fifth, it was re­ally the smaller of the two.

«I know that, sir. I don't like lemons.»

Einstein for a Day

Albert Einstein, one of the world'southward nearly brilliant and respected scientists, is all-time known for formulating the theory of relativity which played a critical part in the development of atomic free energy. What may not be widely known is that Einstein had a fine sense of humor.

There is an agreeable story well-nigh Einstein'south visiting universities in a car driven past a chauffeur, giving lectures on relativity. One mean solar day the chauffeur said: «Mr. Einstein, I've heard you requite this lecture about 30 times. I know it by heart, and I am sure I could give information technology my­self.» «Well, I'll give you a chance», said Einstein. «They won't re­cognise me at the school. When nosotros get in that location, I'll put on your cap and you lot innovate yourself every bit me and give the lecture.»

The chauffeur gave Einstein's lecture without making a single mistake. On finishing, he started to leave, but one of the professors stopped him to ask a complex question. The chauffeur thought fast.

«That problem is so trivial», he said, «I'grand surprised that yous have to ask me. In fact, to bear witness you how simple it is, I'm going to inquire my chauffeur to come up here and reply your question.»

Text 8B

Прочитайте текст. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

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